Cricket was seen as an expression of masculinity in England and in the colonies. The masculine qualities of a cricketer were seen as courage determination, endurance, strength, energy and fitness. This view of masculinity and the assumption that women required protection from men reinforced the cricket gender ideology while at the same justifying female exclusion on the basis female weakness.
The situation represented a strong sense of 'blokeism,' where sport provides a social space for men to define themselves and engage in unfettered male bonding. And in cricket this 'blokeism' was evident as the home of British cricket, MCC, was an all- male club. The social exclusion was also seen in the absence of female umpires and the non-admittance to the pavilions of some county grounds.
Despite the challenges of social exclusion the first recorded women's cricket match was between eleven maids each from Bramley and Hambledon. In England the Women Cricket Association (WCA) was formed in 1926. The WCA main focus was the development of women's cricket and emphasized the formation of clubs throughout the country to increase participation. (Williams).
As in the men's game, those who controlled the WCA belonged to the privileged social classes and organised the women's game along the values and principles of the men's cricket clubs for those who belong to the south of England. The class division was also reflected in the school system as cricket as highly restricted to private and selected secondary schools to which working-class children rarely attended. The Australian Women's Cricket Council was established in 1931 and the New Zealand Women's Cricket Council was formed in 1934. In 1934-35, England traveled to Australia to play three Test matches and one in New Zealand; a reciprocal tour by Australia for three matches took place in 1937.
Women's cricket in the subcontinent was slower to develop compared to England and Australia. India's first international match took place in 1975, forty years after England and Australia played the first women test series. In 1997, representative teams for Pakistan and Sri Lanka played in their first major international event the 1997 World Cup. A number of factors including religion and playing apparel such as wearing culottes (divided skirt) as was done by Australia, England and New Zealand as opposed to trouser accounted for the slow development of the women's game in the subcontinent.
As in England, Australia and the subcontinent, the gender structure of cricket was reinforced in the West Indies along the lines of masculinity and patriarchy. Additionally, there was no vested interest on the part of the colonialist nor the nationalist movement in the Caribbean to challenge the prevailing culture of dominant patriarchy. As much as the institution of cricket provided a space to expose and challenge the prevailing social class and racial inequalities, it was very stoic and unwavering when addressing the issue of gender. Both the African and the Indian males viewed cricket as symbolic of their accomplishments and executed a gender ideology that only served to marginalize women cricketer's claims for legitimacy.
The development of women's cricket in the West Indies gained momentum in the post-World War period that coincided with the period of political success of nationalist and socialist movements against the imperialist movements such as attaining black leadership of the West Indies team. The Jamaica Women's Cricket Association (JWCA) was formed in 1966 as the first established body for women's cricket in the region; similar organisations were also developed in other territories such as Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada and Guyana.
Jamaica played England three two-day 'Test' matches in 1970. In 1973, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago became members of the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC) and participated in the first Women's World Cup. In 1975, the Caribbean Women's Cricket Federation (CWCF) was formed with the Jamaican Monica Taylor at the helm.
"I don't feel it is necessary to know exactly what I am. The main interest in life and work is to become someone else that you were not in the beginning." Michel Foucault
